Upgrading residential plumbing systems for energy efficiency

In this article, readers will learn the ins and outs of residential plumbing systems and their impact on energy efficiency. The article provides an assessment of current plumbing systems, highlights the benefits of upgrading, and recommends key upgrades for improved energy efficiency. Additionally, it covers available assistance and incentives, tips for hiring a professional plumber, and best practices for maintaining the energy efficiency of your plumbing system. The goal is to help homeowners understand how they can optimize their plumbing systems for long-term cost savings, water conservation, and increased property value.

Understanding Residential Plumbing Systems

Residential plumbing systems encompass a wide array of components that work together to deliver clean water, remove waste, and provide safe and comfortable living environments for families. Understanding the fundamental aspects of these systems can help homeowners troubleshoot problems, determine if professional assistance is necessary, and ultimately maintain the overall health of their home.

Components of a Residential Plumbing System

Residential plumbing systems can be broken down into several main categories, each of which serves distinct purposes in the overall functioning of the home.

Water Supply System: The water supply system distributes clean water to kitchens, bathrooms, and other water-using fixtures in the home. This system begins at the municipal water supply or well, continues through a series of pipes, and ends at individual faucets and appliances. Key elements of a water supply system include:
Main Water Line: The main water line brings water from the street or well to the home.
Water Meter: This device measures the amount of water consumed in the home.
Pressure Regulator: The pressure regulator ensures that water pressure remains consistent throughout the home.
Water Shutoff Valve: This valve allows homeowners to turn off the water supply to the entire house or individual fixtures.
Branch Lines: These smaller pipes run from the main water line to individual fixtures, like sinks and toilets.
Drainage, Waste, and Vent System: Commonly referred to as the DWV system, this network of pipes and vents transports wastewater and sewer gases away from the home. Components of a DWV system include:
Drainpipes: These pipes carry wastewater away from fixtures, like sinks and toilets.
Traps: Found under sinks and other fixtures, traps prevent sewer gases from entering the home by holding a small amount of water in a U-shaped pipe.
Vent Pipes: Vent pipes allow sewer gases to escape through the roof and ensure proper drainage by balancing air pressure in the system.
Main Sewer Line: The main sewer line connects the home’s DWV system to either a municipal sewer system or a septic tank.
Hot Water System: The hot water system heats and delivers hot water to fixtures throughout the home. A typical hot water system consists of:
Water Heater: Water heaters can be gas, electric, or tankless, and they heat water to a specific temperature.
Hot Water Lines: These pipes distribute hot water from the heater to various fixtures.

The Role of Plumbing in Energy Efficiency

Energy efficiency within a residential plumbing system is an essential consideration for homeowners, both from an environmental and cost-saving standpoint. Several aspects of plumbing can dramatically impact a home’s overall energy usage, and understanding these aspects can help homeowners make informed decisions when it comes to updates or renovations.

Water Heater Efficiency: High-efficiency water heaters can reduce energy consumption by heating water more efficiently and effectively. Tankless water heaters, for instance, only heat water when it is needed, eliminating the energy waste associated with traditional storage tank water heaters.
Insulation and Piping: Insulating hot water pipes can help maintain water temperature as it travels through the home, reducing the need for excess water heating. In addition, using appropriate pipe materials, such as copper or PEX tubing, can also prevent heat loss and improve energy efficiency.
High-Efficiency Fixtures: Installing water-saving fixtures, such as low-flow showerheads and faucets, dual-flush toilets, and Energy Star-rated appliances can significantly reduce water usage and energy consumption.
Leak Detection and Maintenance: Regular inspections and maintenance can help homeowners identify and address hidden leaks, which not only waste water but can also lead to costly property damage. Fixing minor issues, such as dripping faucets and worn-out pipe connections, can contribute to overall energy efficiency.

By understanding the components of a residential plumbing system and the role of plumbing in energy efficiency, homeowners can make informed decisions about their homes, which can lead to long-term cost savings and a reduced environmental impact.

Assessing Current Plumbing Systems

Plumbing systems are a fundamental aspect of any building, providing safe drinking water, heating, and waste disposal. Ensuring the efficiency of a plumbing system can save energy, water, and money. A thorough assessment of your plumbing system is vital to identify areas for improvement, lower operating costs, and contribute to a more sustainable environment.

Identifying Inefficiencies and Problem Areas

To maximize the efficiency of your plumbing system, you must identify any inefficiencies and problem areas within the system. Start with these key steps:

Visual Inspection: Begin by conducting a visual inspection of all exposed piping, fixtures, and appliances. Look for any visible water leaks or damage that may contribute to inefficiency or potential problems. Corroded or damaged pipes, dripping faucets, leaking water heaters, and water stains on walls or ceilings can indicate a need for repair or replacement.
Insulation: Assess the insulation of your plumbing system, specifically hot water pipes. If your hot water pipes are not adequately insulated, they will lose heat, causing your water heater to work harder and use more energy. Insulating these pipes can help decrease energy consumption and lower energy bills.
Appliances: Check the age and efficiency of your water-using appliances, such as dishwashers, washing machines, and water heaters. Older appliances may be less efficient, utilizing more water and energy. Replacing these with energy-efficient models, such as those certified by Energy Star, can provide significant water and energy savings.
Toilet Flushing Systems: Examine your toilets for any leaks, inefficiencies, or outdated mechanisms that could be wasting water. Consider upgrading older toilets to newer, more efficient models that use less water per flush.
Water Pressure: High water pressure can lead to increased water waste and damage to pipes and appliances. Test your water pressure with a pressure gauge, and if it’s too high, consider installing a pressure-reducing valve to lower the pressure and prevent plumbing problems.
Fixture Flow Rates: Assess the water flow rates of your faucets and showerheads, and compare them to modern, efficient alternatives. High-flow fixtures use more water and energy than necessary. Replacing them with low-flow alternatives can result in significant water savings without compromising performance.

Baseline Energy Consumption Analysis

To assess the efficiency of your plumbing system, you first need to establish a baseline of your current water and energy consumption. This baseline will allow you to measure improvements made to your plumbing system.

Water Usage: Monitor your water usage by examining your water bill or using a water meter. Keep a record of water consumption over a set period (e.g., monthly or yearly). This usage will help you identify trends and any potential issues.
Energy Consumption: Determine the energy consumption of your water-related appliances, such as water heaters, washing machines, and dishwashers. Look for energy usage data on the appliances or refer to your energy bill for insight into your system’s overall energy usage.
Benchmarking: Compare your water and energy usage to industry standards and best practices. This comparison will help you identify areas for improvement and set realistic goals for efficiency gains.

Once you have established a baseline for your plumbing system’s water and energy consumption, you can track changes over time to determine the effectiveness of any upgrades or improvements. Periodic reassessment of your system will help you maintain peak efficiency and identify new opportunities for improvement.

Assessing your plumbing system is an essential step in optimizing its performance and reducing water and energy waste. By identifying inefficiencies and problem areas, you can take targeted steps to improve the system, save money, and contribute to a more sustainable environment. Establishing a baseline energy consumption analysis will also allow you to track your progress and continue making data-driven decisions for your plumbing system’s improvement.

Benefits of Upgrading Residential Plumbing Systems

Upgrading your residential plumbing system can have numerous benefits that not only impact your daily life and health but also the environment and your wallet. In this article, we will discuss four main benefits of updating your home’s plumbing system: energy efficiency improvements, water conservation, long-term cost savings, and increased property value.

Energy Efficiency Improvements

Upgrading your plumbing system can result in significant energy efficiency improvements. One of the ways this can be achieved is by installing a tankless water heater, which heats water only when it’s needed. This type of water heater uses much less energy than traditional tank-based water heaters, which continuously heat a large amount of water even when it’s not being used. In fact, households can save up to 50% on their energy bills by switching to a tankless water heater, according to the U.S. Department of Energy.

Another way to improve energy efficiency is by upgrading your plumbing fixtures to ENERGY STAR® certified models. These fixtures are designed to use less water and energy, which not only benefits the environment but also results in cost savings for you. Installing high-efficiency showerheads, faucets, and toilets can significantly reduce your water and energy usage without sacrificing on performance.

Additionally, insulating your pipes can help conserve energy. By keeping hot water pipes insulated, you can prevent heat from escaping and reduce the amount of energy needed to heat the water, thus cutting down on energy costs.

Water Conservation

Upgrading your plumbing system can also help conserve water, which is beneficial for both the environment and your wallet. Installing high-efficiency toilets, showerheads, and faucets can significantly reduce your water usage.

For example, a high-efficiency toilet uses only 1.28 gallons per flush as compared to the older models that use 3.5 to 7 gallons per flush. By switching to a high-efficiency toilet, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that an average family can save nearly 13,000 gallons of water per year. Similarly, installing high-efficiency showerheads can save up to 2,900 gallons of water per year, according to the EPA.

Another way to conserve water is by fixing household leaks. A simple leaky faucet can waste more than 3,000 gallons of water a year. By repairing these leaks, you can save water and money on your utility bills.

Long-term Cost Savings

Investing in an upgraded plumbing system will result in long-term cost savings. By improving energy efficiency and reducing water usage, you can save a significant amount of money on your water and energy bills. Additionally, the high-efficiency plumbing fixtures and appliances are designed to last longer and require less maintenance, which means fewer unexpected repair costs down the road.

Additionally, an upgraded plumbing system is less likely to experience problems that can cause damage to your home, such as leaks, burst pipes, or water heater failures. By preventing these issues, you can save yourself the expense and stress of dealing with water damage and costly repairs.

Increased Property Value

A modern, efficient plumbing system adds value to your home. When it comes time to sell your property, an upgraded plumbing system can be an attractive selling point to potential buyers, who may be willing to pay a premium for a home with low utility bills and environmentally friendly features.

Furthermore, upgrading your plumbing system can also increase your home’s appeal on the rental market. Tenants generally prefer properties with up-to-date plumbing systems, as it indicates that the property is well-maintained and will require less maintenance during their stay.

In conclusion, upgrading your residential plumbing system has numerous benefits, including energy efficiency improvements, water conservation, long-term cost savings, and increased property value. Investing in a modern plumbing system not only has positive effects on your daily life and finances, but also contributes to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly lifestyle.

Key Upgrades for Improved Energy Efficiency

High-Efficiency Fixtures and Appliances

Upgrading to high-efficiency fixtures and appliances can significantly reduce energy and water consumption in your home, leading to lower utility bills and a smaller environmental impact. Some key upgrades include:

Low-Flow Faucets and Showerheads: These fixtures help reduce water consumption without compromising water pressure. Low-flow faucets typically have an aerator that mixes air with water to produce a steady stream, using less water overall. Low-flow showerheads use a similar principle and can reduce water consumption by up to 50%. This leads to lower water heating costs as well, as less hot water is used during showers.
High-Efficiency Toilets: These modern toilets use less water per flush compared to older models, making them a popular choice for water-conscious homeowners. Some high-efficiency toilet models also offer dual-flush options, which allow users to select a partial or full flush, depending on the waste to be disposed of. This further reduces water consumption and can result in significant savings over time.
Energy-Efficient Water Heaters: Replacing an old water heater with a more efficient model can lead to considerable energy savings. High-efficiency water heaters include tankless models, which only heat water when it’s needed, and heat pump models, which use electricity to move heat rather than generating it from a fuel source. These water heaters often have a higher upfront cost but can ultimately pay off through reduced energy usage over time.

Improved Insulation

Improving the insulation in your home can have a significant impact on energy efficiency, leading to reduced heating and cooling costs. Insulation works by trapping air inside pockets, which creates a barrier that reduces heat transfer between the inside and outside of your home. Upgrading insulation in walls, attics, and crawlspaces can help keep your home warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer, reducing the need for heating and cooling systems to work as hard. This results in lower energy consumption and a more comfortable living environment.

Pipe Replacement and Optimization

Older pipes can be inefficient and prone to leaks, which can lead to wasted water and higher utility bills. Replacing old pipes with new, more energy-efficient materials, such as copper or PEX, can help improve water flow and reduce the risk of leaks. Additionally, optimizing the layout of your plumbing system can reduce the distance water needs to travel, which helps to conserve energy by reducing the amount of heat lost as water travels through the pipes.

Leak Detection and Prevention Systems

Undetected water leaks can waste a significant amount of water and energy, as well as cause damage to your home. Installing leak detection and prevention systems can help identify leaks early and even automatically shut off the water supply to prevent significant damage. Leak detection systems use sensors placed in high-risk areas, such as near appliances and pipe connections, to monitor for signs of water. If a leak is detected, the system will alert the homeowner or even shut off the water supply to prevent further damage. Some smart home systems now include integrated leak detection capabilities, offering additional convenience and protection for homeowners.

Smart Water Management Systems

Smart water management systems provide homeowners with increased control over their water consumption, helping to conserve water and reduce energy usage. These systems can include devices such as smart sprinkler controllers, intelligent leak detectors, and smart showerheads that monitor water usage and offer feedback to help users reduce consumption. Many smart water management systems can be integrated with other smart devices in your home, such as smart thermostats and lighting systems, providing a comprehensive approach to energy efficiency and conservation. By implementing these upgrades, homeowners can significantly improve the energy efficiency of their homes, leading to lower utility bills, a smaller environmental impact, and a more comfortable living environment.

Available Assistance and Incentives

The adoption of energy-efficient and renewable energy technologies in homes and businesses has been continually supported by various federal, state, and local governments, as well as utility companies offering different assistance and incentives. These programs are designed to lower the upfront costs of these technologies, making them more accessible and affordable for individuals and businesses. In this section, we will discuss some of the available assistance and incentives, including rebates, local utility programs, and energy-efficient financing options.

Federal and State Rebates

Federal and state rebates are some of the most commonly available assistance options for energy-efficient and renewable energy technologies. These rebates typically lower the initial cost of technology investments by providing a refund on the purchase price or installation costs.

On a federal level, the U.S. government provides tax incentives, such as the Residential Energy Efficient Property Tax Credit, which offers up to 26% credit of the total cost of installing solar, wind, or geothermal energy equipment in your home. Additionally, the Nonbusiness Energy Property Tax Credit provides up to 10% credit on the installation cost of qualified energy-efficient improvements, like insulation, windows, doors, and certain heating and cooling equipment.

States also offer a variety of rebates and incentives, often tailored to support technologies that are most viable in their respective regions. Several states, like California, Oregon, and New York, offer rebates on solar panel installations, with some even covering up to 50% of the cost. Other states, such as Maine, provide incentives for heat pump installations, while Alaska offers incentives for wind-turbine systems.

To find the most current and applicable rebates in your area, consult the Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy (DSIRE) website, which contains a comprehensive list of federal, state, and local programs, updated regularly.

Local Utility Programs

In addition to state and federal rebates, many local utility companies offer their own energy efficiency programs to encourage customers to use less energy and reduce their carbon footprint. These programs may come in the form of rebates, credits, or discounts on energy-efficient products or services.

For example, some utilities provide discounts or rebates on energy-efficient appliances, such as Energy Star-certified air conditioning units, water heaters, or smart thermostats, which can help customers save on energy costs in the long run. Other utilities offer energy audit services to help customers identify ways to improve their home’s energy efficiency and may even provide incentives for completing the suggested upgrades.

To find available programs in your area, consult your local utility’s website or contact them directly for more information on assistance and incentives they may offer.

Energy-Efficient Financing Options

For individuals or businesses interested in making substantial energy-efficient upgrades to their property but lack the necessary funds upfront, energy-efficient financing options may be a viable solution. These financing programs usually take the form of loans, mortgages, or leases that help reduce the financial burden of the initial investment in energy efficiency.

One popular financing option is the Property-Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) program. PACE financing allows property owners to fund energy efficiency and renewable energy projects on their property and repay the costs over a set period through a special assessment on their property tax bill. This program is available to both residential and commercial property owners in participating states and municipalities.

Another financing option is the Energy Efficient Mortgage (EEM) program, which allows homeowners to finance energy-efficient improvements with their mortgage during the purchase or refinance of a home. EEMs are federally recognized and can be applied through lenders who offer FHA or VA energy-efficient mortgages.

Lastly, some utilities offer on-bill financing programs, allowing customers to pay the upfront costs of energy efficiency projects through their monthly utility bills. This option can be convenient for customers, as it eliminates the need for additional loans or lines of credit.

By exploring these assistance and incentive options – federal and state rebates, local utility programs, and energy-efficient financing – homeowners and businesses can make energy-efficient and renewable energy upgrades to their property more accessible and affordable.

Hiring a Professional Plumber for Energy-Efficient Upgrades

The process of hiring a professional plumber to perform energy-efficient upgrades to your home, office, or any building requires careful consideration and research. Upgrading your plumbing system to be more energy-efficient can lower your utility bills, regulate water and energy consumption, and create a more environmentally friendly living condition. To accomplish this, you need a qualified and certified plumber who understands your goals and can provide constructive suggestions for improvements. This article will discuss the steps you should take when selecting a plumber, estimating costs and time frames, and communicating your energy efficiency goals.

Selecting a Qualified and Certified Plumber

Before you start searching for a plumber, you must first determine the types of upgrades you need. Create a list of plumbing fixtures and appliances you want to replace with energy-efficient alternatives. Some examples include low-flow toilets, energy-efficient water heaters, and faucet aerators.

Once you have a clear idea of your desired upgrades, the next step is to find a professional plumber who is skilled and experienced in installing and maintaining these systems. To hire a reputable plumber, consider these qualifications:

Licensing and Certification: Ensure the plumber is licensed and certified to perform plumbing work in your jurisdiction. A licensed contractor has completed relevant training and is familiar with local building codes and regulations.
Experience: Experienced plumbers have encountered various problems and can rely on their expertise to provide suitable solutions for your energy-efficient upgrades.
Reviews and References: Seek out referrals from friends, family, and colleagues who have hired plumbers for similar services. Read online reviews to learn about other customers’ experiences with the plumber you’re considering.
Specialization: Some plumbers may specialize in specific types of energy-efficient systems or have certifications that demonstrate their expertise in this field. Consider hiring a plumber who is knowledgeable about the specific energy-efficient upgrades you need.

Estimating Costs and Time Frames

To ensure you have an accurate cost estimate for your energy-efficient plumbing upgrades, follow these tips:

Obtain Quotes from Multiple Plumbers: Reach out to at least three to four reputable plumbers and request quotes for your project. This will enable you to compare prices and identify which service provider offers the best balance of quality and cost.
In-home Evaluation: Request an in-home evaluation for a more accurate estimate. During this consultation, provide the plumber with a detailed explanation of your energy efficiency goals and the upgrades you require.
Itemized Quotes: Ask for itemized quotes to see the pricing breakdown for materials, labor, and other fees. This information will allow you to identify potential cost discrepancies.
Ask for a Project Timeline: Request an estimated timeline for your project. Understanding how long your upgrades will take can help you plan accordingly.

Communicating Your Energy Efficiency Goals

To ensure the successful implementation of your energy-efficient upgrades, openly share your goals with the plumber. Be specific about the upgrades you need, and express your expectations clearly. You may also ask the plumber for professional advice and recommendations for other energy-efficient improvements. Here are some ways to communicate your goals effectively:

Discuss Potential Upgrade Options: Talk about alternative fixtures or systems that may offer greater energy efficiency or cost savings.
Highlight Your Budget: Discuss your budget openly, which allows the plumber to suggest suitable products and services within your financial constraints.
Inquire About Ongoing Maintenance and Warranties: Ask the plumber about the maintenance procedures and warranties that come with your chosen energy-efficient systems.

By following these guidelines, you will increase the likelihood of finding a trustworthy plumber that understands your needs and can deliver energy-efficient upgrades that will save you money and reduce your environmental impact.

Maintaining Energy Efficiency in Your Plumbing System

Energy efficiency has become a significant concern for homeowners and businesses looking to reduce their energy costs and minimize their ecological footprint. An area often overlooked is the plumbing system, where simple changes and regular maintenance can help you save energy, water, and money. In this article, we will explore some of the best practices to maintain energy efficiency in your plumbing system by discussing regular inspections and maintenance, monitoring energy consumption, and understanding the long-term benefits and savings for your finances and the environment.

Regular Inspections and Maintenance

Keeping your plumbing system in good shape requires regular inspections and maintenance. A well-maintained plumbing system will perform optimally and consume less energy overall. Moreover, detecting issues early on through routine inspections can prevent more significant problems, saving you time and money in the long run.

Below are some essential maintenance tips to ensure energy efficiency in your plumbing system:

Check for leaks: Leaks, whether small or large, can amount to significant water and energy waste. Inspect your faucets, toilets, showerheads, and any exposed pipes for leaks regularly. If you detect a leak, fix it promptly to prevent further waste.
Insulate pipes: Insulating your hot water pipes will ensure the water stays warm as it travels through your home, reducing the need for excess energy to reheat the water. This simple step can save you energy and money on your energy bills.
Maintain water heater: Regularly check and maintain your water heater by draining the tank and removing sediment buildup, which can reduce its efficiency. Additionally, reduce the water heater’s temperature setting to 120°F (49°C) to reduce energy consumption and still provide comfortable hot water.
Clean faucet aerators and showerheads: Mineral deposits can build up on faucet aerators and showerheads, reducing water flow and increasing energy consumption. Detach these fixtures and clean them regularly to ensure optimal water flow.
Install low-flow fixtures: Replace older plumbing fixtures with low-flow models to conserve water and energy. These fixtures use less water per minute than standard ones, reducing the need to heat large amounts of water.

Monitoring Energy Consumption

If you wish to maintain energy efficiency in your plumbing system, it’s crucial to monitor your energy consumption regularly. This enables you to see how your usage habits affect your energy consumption, allowing you to make adjustments accordingly. And, tracking your energy use can help you identify where inefficiencies may lie.

To monitor your energy consumption, consider installing a smart HVAC and water heating system or using energy management software. These tools can provide real-time energy consumption data, allowing you to make informed decisions regarding your plumbing system’s efficiency. By doing so, you can optimize your energy use and reduce your energy bills significantly.

Long-term Benefits and Savings

When you invest in a well-maintained and energy-efficient plumbing system, you’ll enjoy numerous long-term benefits and savings. Some of the advantages include:

Reduced utility bills: Energy-efficient plumbing systems use less water and energy, translating to lower utility bills. Over time, these savings can result in a significant return on investment.
Increased property value: An energy-efficient plumbing system appeals to potential buyers and renters. Not only will they benefit from lower utility bills but preparing a property for sale or rent with an efficient plumbing system also validates the investment in eco-friendly technologies.
Better performance: Energy-efficient plumbing devices often deliver better performance than their traditional counterparts. For example, low-flow fixtures can provide more consistent water pressure than older models while using less water.
Environmental benefits: When you conserve water and energy through an efficient plumbing system, you are also contributing to reducing the overall strain on natural resources and lowering pollution levels.

Maintaining energy efficiency in your plumbing system should be a priority for anyone looking to save money and reduce their environmental impact. With regular inspections and maintenance, monitoring your energy consumption, and understanding the long-term benefits, you can easily transform your plumbing system into a more efficient and cost-effective part of your home.

1. What are the benefits of upgrading residential plumbing systems for energy efficiency?

Upgrading residential plumbing systems for energy efficiency offers several advantages, such as reducing water consumption, lowering utility bills, decreasing the household’s carbon footprint, and potentially increasing property value due to modern and eco-friendly installations (United States Environmental Protection Agency, n.d.).

2. What are some recommended energy-efficient plumbing upgrades for homeowners?

Recommended energy-efficient plumbing upgrades for homeowners include installing low-flow fixtures, tankless water heaters, hot water recirculation systems, high-efficiency toilets, and water-efficient appliances like washing machines and dishwashers (American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, n.d.).

3. How do tankless water heaters contribute to energy efficiency?

Tankless water heaters contribute to energy efficiency by heating water only when needed, eliminating the standby energy loss associated with storage tank systems. This on-demand approach results in significant energy savings and a consistent supply of hot water (Energy.gov, n.d.).

4. Can an upgraded plumbing system increase the resale value of a home?

An upgraded plumbing system can potentially increase the resale value of a home, as buyers might appreciate the energy-efficient features, resulting in cost savings and reduced environmental impact. These features are often seen as modern amenities and contribute to the property’s overall appeal (Avery, 2017).

5. How can homeowners determine the potential energy and cost savings of an upgraded plumbing system?

Homeowners can determine the potential energy and cost savings of an upgraded plumbing system by conducting a home energy audit, consulting with a professional plumber, or using online energy-saving calculators to estimate reductions in water and energy consumption (United States Environmental Protection Agency, n.d.).

6. Are there any financial incentives for upgrading residential plumbing systems for energy efficiency?

Financial incentives for upgrading residential plumbing systems for energy efficiency may include tax credits, utility rebates, and government grants. Programs vary by state and local jurisdictions, so homeowners should research available opportunities by contacting local utility providers or checking government websites (Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency, n.d.).